ABSTRACT
The multi-component pharmacokinetic study of Chinese herbal extracts elaborates the in vivo processes,including absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion,of multiple bioactive components,which is of significance in revealing pharmacodynamic material basis of Chinese herbal medicine. In recent years,with the innovation in ideas,and development of techniques and methods on traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) research,the pharmacokinetic studies of Chinese herbal extracts were extensively performed,and notable progress has been made. This paper reviewed the advancement of multi-component pharmacokinetics of Chinese herbal extracts in recent five years from analysis technology of biological sample,the pharmacokinetic characteristics of Chinese herbal medicine with complex system,and the impacts of processing and pathological state on pharmacokinetics of Chinese herbal extracts,aiming to provide a reference for quality control,product development and rational medication of Chinese herbal extracts.
Subject(s)
Humans , China , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Quality ControlABSTRACT
Through analysis of factors affecting toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), relationship between toxicity of TCM and physical constitution was explored, which provided a new idea for preventing occurrence of toxicity of TCM. Efforts were made to summarize causes of toxicity of TCM, and analyze relationship between physical constitution and toxicity of TCM. following aspects were taken into account:①main reason for people to use TCM is disease, which is pathological state of human beings. The pathological state may have more demands for corresponding TCM. The TCM rule of "disease-based treatment" is an important manifestation for correlating drugs with syndromes. Then how can normal animals reflect human toxicity under pathological conditions. ②People with pathological conditions, especially with a long disease course, may have abnormal liver and kidney functions. Then how to distinguish cause of toxicity of TCM in liver and kidney dysfunctions.③The long-term disease state can also lead to disorder of intestinal flora of body. Then how is impact of interaction between intestinal flora and TCM reflected in toxicity of TCM.④Although emotional and psychological factors account for a small proportion of toxicity of TCM, it still has an effect.⑤Although humans and animals have a high degree of similarity, there are still species differences (such as croton). Then how is human clinical toxicity consistent with animal research toxicity. The efficacy is related to expectation, while toxicity is related to background. At present, toxicity of TCM is more caused by factors of TCM (such as variety, quality, processing), and factors of TCM application (like compatibility, drug correspondence, dosage, course of treatment), which are external causes of toxicity of TCM. physiological condition, pathological state, emotional and psychological factors, and intestinal flora of body are internal factors. The physical constitution factors are internal factors of toxicity of TCM, and external factors play a role based on internal factors. At the same time, there are essential differences between humans and animals. Animal toxicological experiments are only for clinical reference. By analyzing concepts related to toxicity of TCM and physical constitution factors, modern researches on toxic effects of TCM are also promoted accordingly, and TCM toxicity theory is also improved, which provides a scientific basis for safe and rational application of TCM in clinical practice. Of course, research on animal models under pathological conditions shall be strengthened to promote study of toxicity of TCMs, so as to deepen people's understanding of toxicity of TCMs.
ABSTRACT
In recent years ,pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicine has become essential for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine .Pharmacokinetics is an important means for connecting traditional Chinese medicine with west-ern medicine .Medications exert efficacy only when there is sufficient concentration at the target sites .The drug concentration is not only related to the dosage ,but is also closely correlated to the metabolic processes in human body .Most pharmacokinetic studies of traditional Chinese medicine are based on healthy animals ,which ignore significant changes of pharmacokinetic pa-rameters in the diseased state .In this paper ,the comparative pharmacokinetics of the traditional Chinese medicine based on ani-mal models in their diseased states was reviewed .Developmental trends of pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicine with different animal models were also discussed .